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APA
Format
You can go through the samples by clicking
on your desired format. We provide research
papers in all formats including APA, MLA and
CHICAGO / TURABIAN styles. Below is a sample
research paper, which is for model purpose
only.
Running Head: INDUSTRY LIABILITY FOR FIREARMS
Industry Liability for Firearms
[Author’s Name]
[Institution’s Name]
Industry liability for firearms
Over
the last two years, television network news
viewers have been inundated with tragic images
of students running away from gunfire. With
every new incident, from Pearl, Mississippi,
to Littleton, Colorado, the networks have
had a reflexive reaction. They blame guns,
and wonder if more gun control laws aren’t
an obvious solution.
"Perhaps it will take one more school
shooting to move the majority of
Americans into a position more powerful than
that of the NRA. Perhaps it
will take one
more school shooting to move us from people
who support
gun control to people who
vote for it. But as we continue to let the
widows
and the wounded do the work, be warned. That
next school may be the
one
your children attend; the next accident could
be close to home."
(Quindlen)
A flurry of lawsuits is moving the gun-control
issue out of the legislative arena and into
the courts as a growing number of officials
try to hold manufacturers legally responsible
for firearms-related fatalities and crime.
The industry sued several officials for meddling
in free enterprise, impeding interstate commerce
and usurping congressional authority to pass
regulatory laws. More and more often, judges
and juries are being asked to decide whether
the industry must be held responsible for
how people use its products and if the government
should better enforce existing laws rather
than take an industry to court.
Gun laws:
Child Access Prevention (CAP) Law -- requires
adults to use a gun-locking device or store
guns in a place that is not readily accessible
to minors.
Juvenile Possession Law -- bars possession
of handguns by juveniles (usually those under
18). Some states grant exceptions for guns
used for hunting and target.
Juvenile Sale or Transfer Law -- bars or restricts
the sale or transfer of specified guns to
a youth (usually, a person under 18).
[Lawsuits: Cities suing the gun industry:
Cincinnati, Ohio City of Cincinnati v. Beretta
U.S.A. Corp. (Date filed: April 28, 1999)]
Cincinnati filed a lawsuit against 16 gun
manufacturers and 3 gun industry trade associations
claiming the industry declined to incorporate
safety devices and warnings that would help
prevent accidental shootings; used distribution
methods that resulted in a large, illegitimate
secondary market for guns and misled the public
in its advertising. The lawsuit sought damages
to compensate the city for medical and law
enforcement costs resulting from gun violence
and changes in how guns are marketed. The
lawsuit was dismissed in October 1999 but
the city is appealing the ruling.
[New
Orleans, Louisiana Morial v. Smith & Wesson
Corp. (Date filed: Oct. 30, 1998)]
The city of New Orleans sued 15 major handgun
manufacturers, three industry trade associations
and five gun dealers. The lawsuit seeks to
recover the city's losses blamed on the sale
of guns that fail to incorporate various safety
designs, including those that would prevent
use by children and other unauthorized users.
The city is also seeking punitive damages.
It was the first lawsuit against the gun industry
filed by a city or other government body.
The Louisiana State Legislature passed two
laws aimed at blocking New Orleans's lawsuit.
"Get rid of the guns. We had the Second
Amendment that said you have
the right to
bear arms. I haven*t seen the British really
coming by my
house looking for it. And
besides, the right to bear arms is not an
absolute
right anyway, as New York*s Sullivan Law proves.
We talk about
ourselves as a violent society, and some of
that is right and some of it is
claptrap. But
I think if you took away the guns, and I mean
really take
away the guns, not what
Congress is doing now, you would see that
violent society diminish considerably."
(Rosenblatt)
Historically,
the debate over gun control has generally
divided Democrats and Republicans along party
lines. Thus, it’s no surprise that GOP
lawmakers, chief opponents of new gun laws,
were the primary recipients of contributions
from the National Rifle Association and other
gun rights groups. Democrats traditionally
have led the charge for stricter gun measures
– a fact reflective in the contributions
they receive from gun control advocates.
“Should ownership of firearms
be prevented or restricted by law?
Democrats: Yes, No
one but law enforcement and the military should
be
allowed to own guns.
Republicans: Some limitations
on hand guns and military "assault riles"
would be appropriate, but not otherwise.
Libertarians: Ownership of
a firearm violates no other person's rights,
and therefore should not
be subject to any criminal penalty or government
restriction. It is the aggressive use of firearms
that should be punished,
not
responsible ownership.” (Comparing Libertarians,
Democrats &
Republicans)
In
addition to political contributions, each
side of the gun control debate spent large
amounts of money to lobby members of Congress
and the Clinton administration on the issue.
The Senate approved new gun control measures
by a vote of 73-25 in 1999. However, lawmakers
voted three times on proposed background checks
at gun shows, first voting against a three-day
waiting period, then approving a 24-hour waiting
period, then gave final approval to the mandatory
three-day background check.
The
House in 1999 voted 218-211 in favor of an
amendment that would limit background checks
at gun shows to 24 hours. Lawmakers, in a
193-235 vote, voted down an amendment that
would have mandated a three-day waiting period.
The House then voted to kill the bill by a
280-147 vote.
References
Comparing Libertarians, Democrats & Republicans
April 9, 2002
http://www.lpwv.org/compare.htm
Cities
suing the gun industry April 9, 2002
http://www.cnn.com/LAW/trials.and.cases/
Quindlen,
A November 1. Newsweek columnist April 9,
2002
Rosenblatt,
R May 20. PBS News Hour April 9, 2002 |
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Essays.
